Volume 20 No°3 - Industrial Accidents: Prevention and Preparedness Fixed installations Transport Ports Learning from recent accidents APELL implementation

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Volume 20 No.3
July - September 1997
Pages: 91 pages
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Table of Contents

Industrial Accidents: Prevention and Preparedness

1. Editorials
2. Facts and Figures -Industrial accidents: an everyday occurrence
3. A US perspective on chemical accident prevention, risk management and inherent safety – by Jim Makris
4. CHEMTREC®: the CMA's Chemical Transportation Emergency Center - by Henry J. Sauer
5. The ICE initiative: chemical transport safety in practice in Europe – by Filip Jonckheere
   
   
6. Pipeline emergency response in CEPA member companies – by the Canadian Energy Pipeline Association
7. OECD Workshop on Pipelines
8. APELL in Chile: towards a port-oriented strategy – by Alberto Maturana Palacios
9. Prevention of industrial accidents in the Arctic – by Ulf Bjurman
10. Capacity building in management of chemical accidents in India – by V. Srinivas Chary
11. Risques industriels : l'intérêt des bases de données sur les accidents – by Hubert Baratin
    
    APELL Case Studies
12. Introduction
13. The development of UNEP's APELL programme in Shanghai – by Yang Sen
14. Proceso APELL Barranquilla, Colombia – by the Barranquilla APELL Group
15. The APELL programme in the Czech Republic – by Milos Palecek
16. The Manali-Ennore Industrial Area near Madras: implementation of the APELL/LAMP Programme – by R.R. Umakanthan
    
    
17. APELL: the UK approach
18. The introduction of risk management in Jelgava, Latvia – by Andris Maurans
19. World Environment Center: progress in implementing APELL in selected countries
20. Gestion des risques industriels majeurs : expérience du Groupe Chimique Tunisien, région de Gabès – by Le Groupe Chimique Tunisien
21. Activities of the OECD Chemical Accidents Programme related to APELL

Other Topics - Autres sujets - Otros tópicos

22. Waste minimization: water use in a Kenyan milk powder factory – by Michael W. Okoth
23. How can we substantially increase eco-efficiency? – by Jacqueline Cramer

Newsletters - Bulletins - Boletines

24. Cleaner Production
25. EnTA

News - Actualités - Actualidades

26. World News
27. Industry Updates
28. UNEP focus
29. Books and reports

Sections

30. Feedback

Abstracts

Editorial:
Accident prevention and preparedness:
protecting people and the environment

   Within a decade of the accidental gas release at Bhopal in India, at least 4000 people had died as a result of this well known industrial disaster. Thankfully, there has not - so far - been another Bhopal. However, serious technological accidents happen every day somewhere in the world, causing deaths, injuries and damage to the environment. In industry, as in other activities, specialists assure us that zero risk will never be attained. It is therefore up to governments and industry to reduce the probability of accidents occurring to a level which is acceptable to society, and to prepare populations for emergency response should an accident occur. In short, accident prevention and preparedness are key elements in the promotion of sustainable production patterns.

   It was in 1988, just a few years after the Bhopal disaster, that Industry and Environment last focused on the environmental consequences of major technological accidents. UNEP also launched its Awareness and Preparedness for Emergencies at Local Level (APELL) programme in 1988, in conjunction with governments and the chemical industry. APELL has established itself (within the range of activities of international organizations on accident prevention and preparedness) as a practical programme which assists industry, public authorities and the community at the local level to increase community awareness of technological hazards and to prepare integrated plans for effective response should accidents occur. The quality of response to what might seem a minor incident at a facility or during transport of hazardous materials is often the determining factor in ensuring that such an inident does not become a major disaster. Promotion of the APELL programme as the means to achieve these ends was recommended in 1992 in UNCED's Agenda 21.

   APELL was originally based on the Community Awareness and Emergency Response (CAER) programme, which later became part of the chemical industry's Responsible Care® initiative. It also included elements of the European Union's "Seveso" Directive and the United States' Right-to-Know initiative. UNEP's focus on developing countries has meant that APELL is able to reach places and stakeholders which Responsible Care does not. This issue of Industry and Environment presents case studies illustrating how the APELL process has been implemented in communities in different parts of the world. These case studies will be of interest to current and potential APELL users, as well as being of general interest to many of our readers. This special issue also looks at some of the new areas into which APELL is likely to expand.

   From its origins in the chemical industry APELL is branching out, functioning in this way as a vector for the sharing of experience and technology. As the programme enters its second decade, it is beginning to address emerging issues such as accident prevention and preparedness in ports (a publication on this subject has already been produced in collaboration with the International Maritime Organization) and is extending its range from fixed to mobile installations by addressing accidents arising from the transport of hazardous materials. Work in the latter area is going ahead with help from Sweden, in the form of the TransApell initiative. Pipeline safety is also a major issue for many countries. There is a call for UNEP to work with industry, particularly the oil industry, to produce guidance. Recently, there has also been a call to apply the principles of APELL to safer production and to community relations in the Arctic Region.

   The 1990s are the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction. Activities undertaken as part of this initiative have brought a greater understanding of the connections between natural and technological disasters. This is particularly important in an era of increasing urbanization. An apparently "natural" disaster such as a landslide may, for example, be caused by human activities. If there is a chemical plant in its path, this may in turn spark off an industrial disaster. These combination disasters are called "Na-Techs" ("Na" for natural, "Tech" for technological). Civil defence organizations are becoming increasingly conscious of the need to consider the possibility of technological accidents in their planning, and are involving local industry in the planning process. They are also becoming aware of the need for a more preventive approach. Cleaning up after a disaster of any kind can be compared to the "end-of-pipe" approach to pollution control. Prevention is always better than cure.

   Technological solutions alone will not be sufficient to ensure continuing growth of an accident prevention and preparedness culture. Prevention and preparedness need to be woven into management structures. Indeed, their incorporation into Environmental Management Systems, which has been the hallmark of Responsible Care, has recently been further stimulated by their inclusion in ISO 14001, which requires companies to establish and maintain procedures for identification of potential causes of accidents, for response to accidents and emergency situations, and for the prevention and mitigation of their environmental impacts. The ISO standard also recognizes that analysing accidents and emergencies after they happen can be a valuable tool for improving safety and increasing preparedness, by including a requirement for review and revision of procedures in the light of those incidents which occur. It also specifies that, whenever practicable, procedures should be tested. Companies wishing to translate such framework proposals into actions will find the APELL approach helpful in building up solid internal management structures for prevention and preparedness.

   Preparedness, of course, requires increased communication with populations in the vicinity of potentially hazardous installations. Legislation introduced to bring this about tends, like ISO 14001, to provide a framework and specify requirements but not to specify methods. For example, the EU's 1988 "Seveso" Directive, by stipulating that members of the public liable to be affected by a major accident must be informed of safety measures and of how they should behave in the event of an accident, presented new challenges concerning how to communicate within the context of European cultural and legislative diversity. As rapidly industrializing countries become increasingly aware of the need for such communication, they will face the same challenges. Here again, the APELL approach will prove useful in helping define which links should be established and with whom, as well as how to effectively communicate information about risks and preparedness measures within communities.

   Accidents kill and injure people, damage the environment and property, and waste resources. In those areas of the world which are rapidly expanding their industrial base, some of the accident patterns discerned in developed countries are already being repeated. There is an ongoing need for accident prevention, to keep the number of accidents to a minimum, and for preparedness, to minimize the consequences of any that do occur. This need was recognized at the 1997 United Nations General Assembly Special Session - New York (UNGASS), convened to review progress on the implementation of Agenda 21. The UNGASS programme states that "major technological and other disasters with an adverse impact on the environment can be a substantial obstacle in the way of achieving the goals of sustainable development in many countries," and recommends that the international community increase its efforts in regard to cooperation to avoid such disasters. We hope decision-makers in governments and industry will find this issue of Industry and Environment useful in their efforts to implement the UNGASS recommendations.

A US perspective on chemical accident prevention, risk management and inherent safety

Jim Makris, Director, Chemical Emergency Preparedness and Prevention Office, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M Street, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20460, USA

Abstract

   The article highlights the major accomplishments of the United States in the area of chemical accident prevention in recent years, including passage of legislation aimed at halting accidental releases of hazardous substances. A strong partnership with our global neighbours, industry, and state and local governments has eased the burden of regulatory implementation. Future activities in this area are also discussed.

Résumé

   L'article présente les dernières avancées majeures des Etats-Unis dans le domaine de la prévention des accidents impliquant des produits chimiques, notamment l'adoption d'une législation visant à mettre fin aux déversements accidentels de substances dangereuses. La mise en oeuvre de cette législation a été facilitée par un partenariat solide avec les pays voisins, l'industrie, les pouvoirs publics et les collectivités locales. L'auteur évoque également les activités futures prévues dans ce domaine.

Resumen

   El artículo subraya los principales logros de los Estados Unidos en el ámbito de la prevención de accidentes químicos estos últimos años, incluso la aprobación de una legislación dirigida a suprimir las emanaciones de substancias peligrosas causantes de accidentes. Gracias a una sólida asociación con nuestros vecinos en el mundo, con la industria y las autoridades locales y estatales se ha podido aligerar el peso de la puesta en práctica reglamentaria. También se están tratando más actividades en este campo.

CHEMTREC®: the CMA's Chemical Transportation Emergency Center

Henry J. Sauer, Managing Director, CHEMTREC Information Services, Chemical Manufacturers Association, 1300 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, Virginia, USA

Abstract

   CHEMTREC®, the Chemical Transportation Emergency Center established in 1971 by the Chemical Manufacturers Association (CMA), is a private industry/government partnership providing fire fighters, law enforcement agencies, government bodies and others with information and advice necessary to mitigate emergencies associated with the transportation of hazardous materials. This voluntary public service has expanded under CMA's Responsible Care® programme to provide a public communications link to information on environmental, health and chemical safety. CMA is committed to facilitating the growth of this partnership network of allied associations, government agencies, chemical carriers, and others in order to be the most effective chemical information service in the world.

Résumé

   CHEMTREC® est un centre d'intervention d'urgence spécialisé dans les accidents de transport de produits chimiques, créé en 1971 par l'Association américaine des fabricants de produits chimiques (CMA) sous forme de partenariat entre industrie et pouvoirs publics. CHEMTREC fournit aux brigades de pompiers, aux organismes chargés du respect de la loi, aux administrations publiques et autres organismes des informations et des conseils pour mieux maîtriser les situations d'urgence liées au transport des matières dangereuses. Ce service totalement volontaire a été mis en place dans le cadre du programme Responsible Care® de la CMA pour donner accès aux informations sur la protection de l'environnement et de la santé, et sur la prévention des risques chimiques. La CMA a pour ambition de faciliter l'expansion de ce réseau d'associations, d'administrations publiques, de transporteurs de produits chimiques, etc... pour en faire le service d'information sur les produits chimiques le plus efficace du monde.

Resumen

   CHEMTREC, el Centro de Emergencias de Transportes Químicos establecido en 1971 por la Asociación de Fabricantes Químicos (CMA), es una asociación entre la industria privada y el gobierno a efectos de proporcionar a los bomberos, las autoridades responsables de aplicar la legislación, los órganos rectores y otros entes, la información y el asesoramiento necesarios para mitigar las emergencias relacionadas con el transporte de materiales peligrosos. Este servicio público voluntario se ha ampliado bajo el programa "Responsible Care" de la CMA con el objeto de suministrar un vehículo de comunicaciones públicas para la información sobre la seguridad medioambiental, sanitaria y química. CMA se ha comprometido en propiciar el crecimiento de esta red de mutua colaboración entre asociaciones aliadas, agencias gubernamentales, transportadores químicos y otros a efectos de lograr ser el servicio de información en materia química más eficiente en el mundo.

Pipeline emergency response in CEPA member companies

Canadian Energy Pipeline Association, 1650-801 6th Avenue South West, Calgary, Alberta, T2P 3W2, Canada

Abstract

   CEPA member companies address pipeline integrity proactively through their design, construction and mitigation practices. This article discusses member company procedures in regard to leak and rupture detection, shutdown and isolation of failure sites, and emergency preparedness. Emergency response has evolved over the last decade from a purely technical function, carried out by pipeline personnel in the event of an emergency, towards a process that is well documented within companies and integrated with potentially affected communities.

Résumé

   Préférant agir plutôt que réagir, les entreprises membres de la CEPA font de la prévention des risques associés aux pipelines un processus continu allant de la conception à la construction et à l'entretien des pipelines. L'article commente les pratiques adoptées pour la détection des fuites et des ruptures, la fermeture et l'isolement des sites défaillants, ainsi que la préparation aux situations d'urgence. En dix ans, les interventions d'urgence ont sensiblement évolué : autrefois considérées comme une fonction purement technique exécutée par des spécialistes des pipelines, elles sont devenues un processus bien documenté dans les entreprises et qui implique les populations exposées à des risques.

Resumen

   Las compañías miembros de la CEPA se ocupan activamente de la integridad de los oleoductos mediante su diseño, construcción y prácticas de mitigación. Este artículo presenta los procedimientos de las compañías miembros respecto a la detección de pérdidas y roturas, cierre y aislación de sitios defectuosos y preparación para las emergencias. La respuesta en materia de emergencias ha evolucionado durante la última década, pasando de una función puramente técnica, ejecutada por el personal de los oleoductos en casos de emergencia, hacia un proceso bien documentado dentro de las empresas y relacionado con comunidades potencialmente afectadas.

APELL in Chile: towards a port-oriented strategy

Alberto Maturana Palacios, National Director, Oficina Nacional de Emergencia, Ministro del Interior, Santiago, Chile

Abstract

   Experience in Chile has shown that APELL principles can be combined with local initiatives in emergency planning. APELL's non-exclusive, "not-the-only-answer" approach to industrial accidents can also be applied to other types of emergencies, including natural (or a combination of natural and industrial) disasters. APELL is therefore especially appropriate for application to ports. The APELL approach promotes the participation of potentially affected communities, another important consideration in regard to ports.

Résumé

   L'expérience chilienne a montré qu'en matière de planification des interventions d'urgence, les principes d'APELL pouvaient être combinés à des initiatives locales. L'approche non exclusive d'APELL pour les accidents industriels peut s'appliquer à d'autres situations d'urgence, notamment aux catastrophes naturelles et aux situations combinant une catastrophe naturelle et un accident industriel. APELL est par conséquent particulièrement adapté au contexte portuaire, d'autant plus que ce programme préconise la participation des populations exposées, aspect très important dans ce contexte.

Resumen

   La experiencia ha demostrado en Chile que los principios APELL pueden combinarse con iniciativas locales en la planificación de emergencias. También se puede aplicar el enfoque de APELL de "no exclusividad" y de "respuesta no única" respecto a los accidentes industriales a otros tipos de emergencias, incluso a los desastres naturales (o una combinación de ambos : desastres industriales y naturales). Por consiguiente, APELL es especialmente apropiado para la aplicación a los puertos. Su enfoque fomenta la participación de comunidades potencialmente afectadas, lo que constituye otra consideración importante respecto a los puertos.

Prevention of industrial accidents in the Arctic

Ulf Bjurman, Deputy Assistant Under-Secretary, Ministry of Defence, Department for Civilian Preparedness and Civil Protection,
Vasagatan 8-10, S-10333 Stockholm, Sweden

Abstract

   Prevention of industrial accidents must be given the highest priority in the Arctic, due to its sensitive environment and limited emergency response resources. APELL tools can be used to promote efficient communication and cooperation with the indigenous peoples who live in the region, often in small communitites and in remote locations. In workshops organized within the framework of Arctic cooperation, the APELL Programme plays a significant role in regard to both prevention of and preparation for industrial accidents.

Résumé

   En raison de la fragilité de l'environnement et des possibilités extrêmement limitées d'intervention d'urgence dans l'Arctique, la prévention des accidents industriels doit être une priorité absolue dans cette région. Les outils du programme APELL peuvent être utilisés pour promouvoir une communication et une coopération efficaces avec les peuples indigènes de cette région, qui vivent souvent au sein de petites communautés et dans des endroits très retirés. Dans les ateliers organisés au titre de la coopération dans l'Arctique, un rôle important revient au programme APELL en matière de prévention et de préparation aux accidents industriels.

Resumen

   En el ártico se debe acordar una máxima prioridad a la prevención de accidentes industriales, debido a la sensibilidad del medio ambiente y a los escasos recursos de respuesta ante emergencias. Se pueden emplear herramientas APELL para promover una comunicación y cooperación eficaces con los indígenas que habitan en la región, a menudo en pequeñas comunidades y en lugares remotos. En talleres de trabajo organizados en el marco de la cooperación ártica, el Programa APELL desempeña un papel significativo respecto a la prevención y a la preparación para los accidentes industriales.

Capacity building in management of chemical accidents in India

V. Srinivas Chary, Administrative Staff College of India, Bella Vista, Hyderabad-500 049, India

Abstract

   Increased public awareness, stricter regulations, and a responsive judiciary are among the reasons Indian industry is improving its accident prevention and preparedness capabilities. There is a particular need for proper training and education. With this in mind, the Centre for Energy, Environment and Technology at the Administrative Staff College of India organized a training programme on Management of Chemical Accidents in order to increase awareness and develop skills in accident prevention and preparedness in the chemical process industry. Specific objectives of the training programme, major topics, and issues that emerged are presented.

Résumé

   La sensibilisation croissante du public, le durcissement des règlements et le dynamisme du système judiciaire sont quelques-unes des raisons qui ont poussé l'industrie indienne à améliorer ses capacités de prévention des accidents et d'intervention en cas d'urgence. Mais des efforts s'imposent, plus particulièrement dans le domaine de la formation et de l'éducation. Conscient de cette nécessité, le Centre pour l'énergie, l'environnement et la technologie de l'Ecole supérieure d'administration de l'Inde a mis en place un programme de formation sur la gestion des accidents impliquant des produits chimiques, afin d'accroître la sensibilisation et de développer les compétences des professionnels de l'industrie chimique en matière de prévention des accidents et d'intervention d'urgence. L'article présente les objectifs du programme de formation, les principaux thèmes abordés et les enseignements tirés de cette formation.

Resumen

   Una mayor toma de conciencia pública, una reglamentación más estricta y un poder judicial sensibilizado son algunas de las razones que han contribuido a mejorar la prevención de accidentes y las capacidades para la preparación en India. Existe una necesidad particular para una formación y educación adecuadas. En esta óptica, el Centro para la Energía, Medio ambiente y Tecnología en la Facultad del Personal Administrativo de India se organizó un programa de formación sobre la Gestión de los Accidentes químicos, a efectos de desarrollar la toma de conciencia e incrementar las competencias para prevenir los accidentes y la preparación en la industria de procesos químicos. Se presentan objetivos específicos del programa de formación, temas principales y asuntos que surgieron.

Risques industriels : l'intérêt des bases de données sur les accidents

Hubert Baratin, Ministère de l'environnement, Direction de la prévention des pollutions et des risques, Service de l'environnement industriel,
Bureau d'analyse des risques et des pollutions industrielles (BARPI),
15 rue de Sévigné, 69426 Lyon Cédex 03, France

Abstract

   It is science which lies behind industrial development, and it used to be assumed that a purely scientific analysis of risk would be sufficient to reduce the frequency and seriousness of accidents to a value approaching zero. This has almost been achieved. However, the remaining risks are still perceived by society as being too high. There is, therefore, a need to take account of the body of feedback data which can be extracted from accidents and near-misses, both recent and less so. The development of information technology and of communications, the spread of international cooperation, and increased awareness of common interests have made it possible to compile and constantly update data bases on industrial accidents. This article describes the French ARIA data base and its use.

Résumé

   La science a permis l'essor industriel et on a pensé que les approches strictement scientifiques des risques permettraient de réduire la fréquence et la gravité des accidents à des valeurs proches de 0. Cela s'est avéré presque exact mais les risques résiduels sont encore jugés trop élevés par notre société et il convient de tenir compte du retour d'expérience que constituent les accidents ou quasi accidents du passé récent ou plus lointain. Le développement de l'informatique et des moyens de communication, la généralisation des coopérations internationales et la prise de conscience des intérêts communs permettent de mettre en place et de nourrir des bases de données sur les accidents industriels. L'article qui suit présente la base de données française ARIA et son utilisation.

Resumen

   La ciencia ha permitido el éxito industrial y se pensó que los enfoques estrictamente científicos de los riesgos permitirían reducir la frecuencia y la gravedad de los accidentes en valores cercanos a 0. Ello resultó ser prácticamente cierto, aunque nuestra sociedad considere que los riesgos residuales son todavía demasiado elevados. Conviene tener en cuenta la experiencia adquirida a raíz de los accidentes o casi accidentes del pasado reciente o más lejano. El desarrollo de la informática y de los medios de comunicación, la generalización de las cooperaciones internacionales y la toma de conciencia de los intereses comunes permiten instalar y alimentar a las bases de datos sobre de los accidentes industriales. El artículo siguiente presenta la base de datos francesa ARIA y su utilización.

APELL Case Studies

Introduction

In 1986, UNEP suggested a series of measures to help governments, particularly in developing countries, minimize the occurrence and harmful effects of chemical accidents and emergencies.

As a follow-up to this work, the UNEP Industry and Environment centre (UNEP IE), in collaboration with industry, developed a Handbook on Awareness and Preparedness for Emergencies at Local Level (APELL), designed to assist decision-makers and technical personnel in improving community awareness of hazardous in- stallations and in preparing response plans, should unexpected events at installations endanger life, property or the environment. For readers who are not familiar with the background to APELL, the process is summarized below.

APELL addresses all emergencies related to any industrial or commercial operation with potential for fire, explosion, spills or releases of hazardous materials.

The programme has two main goals:

• to create and/or increase community awareness of possible hazards involved in the manufacture, handling and use of hazardous materials, and of steps taken by authorities and industry to protect the community from them;
• to develop, on the basis of this information, and in cooperation with the local communities, emergency response plans involving the entire community should an emergency endangering its safety arise.

Most industrial facilities have a responsibility to establish and implement a "facility emergency response plan", and there may also be national government emergency plans or programmes in place. The APELL process uses all of these existing elements to build a coordinated single plan that will operate effectively at the local level, which is where first response efforts are critical.

In order for local authorities and local leaders to play an effective role in the process, there must be close and direct interaction with representatives from industrial facilities in their local area. APELL addresses the need for interaction between local government and industry. Figure 1 shows schematically how industry representatives and local authorities/leaders can form a Co-ordinating Group. The Co-ordinating Group is the mainspring of the APELL process, forming a bridge between the community, local authorities and industry.

Based on experience, a ten-step approach for implementation of APELL has been devised to lead to a useful and effective integrated community emergency response plan. These ten steps are shown in the flow chart in Figure 2.

Since APELL started in late 1988, requests have been received from all around the world not only for the Handbook but also for feedback on efforts being made to implement the programme. The eve of the programme's tenth anniversary seemed an opportune moment to respond to such requests, and feedback is provided in this section in the form of Case Studies, presented in alphabetical order.

These are examples of the APELL process in action, describing implementation of the now well established programme in six different places. This has meant implementation in six very different contexts, as all countries differ in culture, value systems, community infrastructure, response capabilities and resources, and legal and regulatory requirements.

These Case Studies are a clear demonstration of the flexibility of the APELL process, which aims neither to provide a unique model for accident prevention and preparedness nor to impose actions to be taken. In each case the APELL objectives remain unchanged, yet the mechanics of the operation change from place to place and are adapted to local conditions and requirements.

For further information, contact:
Mr. Ernst Goldschmitt,
Coordinator APELL programme,
United Nations Environment Programme,
Industry and Environment Centre,
Tour Mirabeau,
39-43, quai André Citroèn,
75739 Paris Cedex 15, France.
Tel: +33 (1) 44 37 14 50,
Fax: +33 (1) 44 37 14 74.
E-mail: unep.tie@unep.fr

The development of UNEP's APELL programme in Shanghai

Yang Sen, Director, Shanghai Municipal Defence Office, Fu-Xing Middle Road 593*, 200020Shanghai, People's Republic of China

Abstract

   A paragraph on the APELL programme in Shanghai was included in the entry for the People's Republic of China in APELL Worldwide, published by UNEP IE in December 1995. This article gives a fuller history of APELL in Shanghai up to the end of 1996; draws conclusions about the lessons learned; and details plans for further development of the programme.

Résumé

   Le manuel APELL Worldwide publiée par le PNUE IE en décembre 1995 comprend, sous la rubrique de la République populaire de Chine, un paragraphe sur la mise en oeuvre du programme APELL à Shanghai. L'article qui suit donne un historique complet de l'application du programme APELL à Shanghai jusqu'à la fin 1996 et les conclusions sur les leçons tirées de cette expérience ; il décrit en détail les projets d'extension future du programme.

Resumen

   Se incluyó un párrafo sobre el programa APELL en Shanghai en la entrada para la República popular de China en APPEL Worldwide, publicada por el PNUMA -IMA en Diciembre de 1995. Este artículo presenta una historia completa de APELL en Shanghai hasta fines de 1996; extrae conclusiones sobre la experiencia adquirida y detalla planes para continuar el desarrollo del programa.

Proceso APELL Barranquilla, Colombia

Barranquilla APELL Group, President Group, Asociacion Nacional de industriales(ANDI), Via 40 # 36, 135 local 103, Antiguo Edificio de la Aduana, Barranquilla, Colombia

Abstract

   This case study describes the implementation of the APELL process in the city of Baranquilla, Colombia, after its revival in 1995. Enterprises from the chemical sector were invited to join the programme and activities were initiated with the local emergency committee and fire brigades. The case study includes a detailed description of an emergency drill in a chemical plant.

Résumé

   Cette étude de cas décrit la mise en oeuvre du programme APELL dans la ville de Baranquilla, en Colombie, après un nouveau lancement, en 1995. Les entreprises du secteur chimique ont alors été invitées à se joindre au programme et des activités ont été organisées avec le comité local d'intervention d'urgence et les brigades de pompiers. L'étude de cas comprend également la description détaillée d'un exercice d'intervention d'urgence dans une usine de produits chimiques.

Resumen

   Este estudio de caso describe la puesta en aplicación del proceso APELL en la ciudad de Barranquilla, Colombia, después de su resurgimiento en 1995. Se invitaron a las empresas químicas a unirse al programa y se iniciaron actividades con el comité local de emergencias y brigadas de incendios. El estudio de caso comprende una descripción detallada de una perforación de emergencia en una planta química.

The APELL programme in the Czech Republic

Milos Palecek, Occupational Safety Research Institute, Jeruzalemska 9, 116 52, Prague-1, Czech Republic

Abstract

   A pilot project for trial implementation of the APELL programme in the Czech Republic was organized in the county of Kolin, which was chosen because of the presence of chemical and refining plants in the area. Pilot operation of the IZIS information system, designed for the city of Kolin and the surrounding region, began in December 1996. IZIS connects an Emergency Command Centre with state, municipal and regional agencies and organizations, as well as with private companies.

Résumé

   Un projet pilote d'application expérimentale du programme APELL en République tchèque a été mis en place dans le comté de Kolin, choisi parce que des usines de produits chimiques et des raffineries y sont implantées. Le système d'information IZIS, mis au point pour la ville de Kolin et ses environs, est entré en service à titre d'essai en décembre 1996. Il relie des services municipaux, régionaux et nationaux, et des entreprises privées à un centre de coordination des secours d'urgence.

Resumen

   Se organizó en el distrito de Kolinun un proyecto piloto para la puesta en práctica de las pruebas del programa APELL en la República Checa. Se eligió esta zona debido a la presencia de industrias químicas y refinerías. La operación piloto del sistema de información IZIS, designado para la ciudad de Kolin y los alrededores, comenzó en diciembre de 1996. IZIS conecta un Centro de mando de emergencias con agencias y organizaciones estatales, municipales y regionales y también con las empresas privadas.

The Manali-Ennore Industrial Area near Madras: implementation of the APELL/LAMP Programme

R.R. Umakanthan, Manager Safety, Health and Environment, and Coordinator Manali-Ennore Industrial Emergency Preparedness Committee,
Zeneca ICI, Agrochemical Ltd, Ennore Works, Madras 600 057, India

Abstract

   The experience gained in implementing the APELL/LAMP Programme in the Manali-Ennore Industrial Area (MEIA) near Madras over four years provides a good basis for further development. Two steps of particular importance in the successful implementation of the APELL process are the signing in 1993 of a four-year Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between the NSC (National Safety Council) and World Environment Centre (WEC), and the setting up of a National Advisory Committee. Factors contributing to the success of the programme, difficulties encountered, and some achievements to date are outlined.

Résumé

   L'expérience acquise après quatre années de mise en oeuvre du programme APELL/LAMP dans la zone industrielle de Manali-Ennore, près de Madras, constitue une base solide pour l'extension du programme. Deux événements ont contribué tout particulièrement au succès du programme APELL : en 1993, la signature d'un Protocole d'accord entre le Conseil national de sécurité (NSC) et le World Environment Centre (WEC), et la création d'un Comité consultatif national. L'article présente les facteurs ayant contribué à la réussite du programme, les difficultés rencontrées et quelques-uns des résultats obtenus à ce jour.

Resumen

   La experiencia adquirida en la aplicación del Programa APELL/LAMP en la Zona industrial Manali-Ennore, cerca de Madrás, durante más de cuatro años proporciona una buena base para continuar con el desarrollo. Los dos pasos de particular importancia para la aplicación exitosa del proceso APELL son, por un lado, la firma en 1993 de un Memorando de acuerdo entre el Consejo de seguridad nacional y el Centro para el medio ambiente mundial y, por el otro, la creación de un Comité consultivo nacional. Se presentan los factores que han contribuido al éxito del programa, las dificultades encontradas y algunos logros alcanzados hasta la fecha.

The introduction of risk management in Jelgava, Latvia

Andris Maurans, Deputy Director, Production Quality Institute, Atis Zviedris and Guntis Tribis, Riga Technical University,
1 Kalku Street, LV 1638 Riga, Latvia

Abstract

   The historic Latvian city of Jelgava faces serious urban planning problems. In 1994, the municipal authority asked scientists from the Production Quality Institute at Riga Technical University to develop a system for zoning hazardous industrial facilities, and to design a risk reduction programme. Activities undertaken in the context of this project, including the use of risk analysis, are described.

Résumé

   La ville historique de Jelgava, en Lettonie, est confrontée à de sérieux problèmes d'urbanisme. En 1994, le conseil municipal a demandé à des chercheurs de l'Institut de la qualité des produits (université de technologie de Riga) de mettre au point un système de zonage des installations industrielles dangereuses et de concevoir un programme de réduction des risques. L'article décrit les activités entreprises dans le cadre de ce projet, notamment l'analyse des risques.

Resumen

   La ciudad histórica letona de Jelgava se encuentra confrontada con serios problemas urbanos de planificación. En 1994, la autoridad municipal solicitó a los científicos del Instituto de producción de calidad en la Universidad Técnica de Riga que desarrollaran un sistema para detectar instalaciones industriales peligrosas y planear un proyecto de reducción de riesgo. Se describen las actividades emprendidas en el contexto de este proyecto, incluso el empleo del análisis de riesgo.

Gestion des risques industriels majeurs : expérience du Groupe Chimique Tunisien, région de Gabès

Groupe Chimique Tunisien, Direction Générale des usines de Gabès, Tunisie

Abstract

   After the creation of a safety division in its plants, the Tunisian chemical group Groupe Chimique Tunisien organized a regional seminar to raise awareness of major technological risks. This article describes the contents of the seminar and the actions taken in the field to improve safety in plants and to organize response in the event of accident.

Résumé

   Après avoir mis en place une division de sécurité dans ses usines, le Groupe Chimique Tunisien a organisé un séminaire régional de sensibilisation aux risques majeurs. L'article décrit le contenu du séminaire et les actions entreprises sur le terrain pour améliorer la sécurité dans les usines et organiser les secours en cas d'accident.

Resumen

   Tras haber establecido una división de seguridad en sus fábricas, el Grupo químico de Túnez organizó un seminario regional de sensibilización ante riesgos mayores. El artículo describe el contenido del seminario y las acciones emprendidas en el terreno para mejorar la seguridad en las fábricas y organizar el auxilio en caso de accidente.